Diabetes mellitus: A review on pathophysiology, current status of oral medications and future perspectives

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM), belongs to the class of metabolic diseases which the main symptom associated with this disease is the high sugar levels in blood for a long period. It can be categorized to the world’s major diseases considering that affects high population in earth and presents two main types I and II. Diabetes complications include possible blindness, amputation of lower limb, renal failure, and cardiac arrest or stroke. This review summarizes the pathophysiology for both types of DM, the variety of antidiabetic medications as well as future perspectives. Until now injectable medications are more frequently used in order to achieve the desirable treatment. Patients prefer oral antidiabetic medications since are easier to be administered and for this reason researchers focus their studies at this direction. This work also aimed to present and evaluate possible oral formulations against DM type II