The Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Cladonia foliacea and Its (-)-Usnic Acid, Atranorin, and Fumarprotocetraric Acid Constituents

Abstract

The antimicrobial activity of the chloroform, diethyl ether, acetone, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen Cladonia foliacea and its (-)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents against 9 bacteria and fungi has been investigated. The extracts and pure compounds alone were found active against the same bacteria and the same yeasts. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris, Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata growth were inhibited. In addition, the MlCs of the extracts, (-)-usnic acid, atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid were determined