Factors affecting teachers’ online learning experiences in professional development program: Structural equation modelling

Abstract

There is a sudden transition in education during this pandemic era of COVID-19. Students’ learning which is previously conducted in an offline face-to-face meeting should shift to online learning. This sudden change surely affects students’ learning experience. In the attempt to create a better online learning, this study investigates the interplay of the factors affecting participants’ online learning experience namely selfdirected learning and TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge). A quantitative study using Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) model analysis was employed to explore this issue. A total of 434 in-service teachers joining an online Teacher Professional Development program participated in this study. The results show that Self-directed learning and TPACK are positively and significantly associated with online learning experience. It indicates that students with high self-directed learning skills and TPACK are predicted to have a positive and satisfying online learning experience. Further implication for pedagogy and future research recommendation is discussed.