Effects of various acidic and alkaline solutions used to dissolve urinary calculi on the rabbit urothelium

Abstract

It is well known that infection-induced stones (apatite, struvite), uric acid and cystine calculi in the urinary tract can be managed by the use of certain chemical solutions. We investigated the effects of various acidic and alkaline solutions on the rabbit urothelium. Acidic solutions (pH: 4.2) caused more urothelial injury as compared to alkaline solutions (pH: 7.6). Ureteral injury was more severe than the bladder injury. Magnesium-containing solutions caused less injury to the urothelium