Determination of mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Limonium globuliferum aqueous extracts by Allium, Ames, and MTT tests

Abstract

Mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of roots, stems an leaves of Limonium globuliferum Kuntze, Plumbaginaceae, aqueous extracts were studied by Allium, Ames, and MTT tests. These are plant, bacterial and mammalian cell assays, respectively. The Allium test analyse's showed that aqueous extracts of this species have dose-dependent toxicity and induce chromosomal anomalies based on defects in the spindle fibers'. EC50 values cif root stem and leaf aqueous extracts. were 32.5, 50; and 50 g/l, respectively. It was observed that there was an inverse correlation between root growth and extract concentration. The lowest mitotic index value (22.72 %) was found in L. globuliferum root extract. As a result of the chromosome aberrations test, sticky chromosome, anaphase bridges, laggard chromosomes, and anaphase-telophase. disorders were highly detected especially in high concentration of the extract. In the Ames test, mutagenic effects were determined at concentrations of stem and leaf aqueous extracts and only two concentrations of root extracts of I. globuliferum. Most of the extracts' induced cytotoxic effects by the MTT test based on mitochondrial activity Nevertheless, some of the extracts induced t cell proliferation.